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Further, security threats and attacks are categorized on a single platform and provide an analysis to explain how and to what extent they damage the targeted IoT systems. In this study, more than 170 research articles are systematically studied to understand security and privacy issues. Most importantly, the goal is to understand the mode of action of these threats and develop the recovery mechanism to cover the damage. The primary objective of this systematic literature review is to discuss the divergent types of threats that target IoT systems. Most importantly, this study identifies the knowledge and research gap in this area. Manufacturers and researchers must think about resolving these security and privacy issues. So there is a dire need to address these security issues because relying on existing traditional techniques is not good. Purpose oriented with distinct nature IoT devices is developed to work in a constrained environment. There is a high probability that IoT systems can get infected with a more sophisticated form of malware and high-frequency electromagnetic waves. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and ransomware. Further, it is defined that a computer virus is a type of malware. Traditional authentication and authorization mechanisms use three different factors to identity a subject to verify if the subject has the right capability to access the object. Authentication and authorization are the process of verifying that a subject is bound to an object.

Traditional threats provide essential services such as authentication, authorization, and accountability.

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IoT applications’ connectivity with the Internet persistently victimized them with a divergent range of traditional threats, including viruses, worms, malware, spyware, Trojans, malicious code injections, and backdoor attacks. There are more than 50 billion devices connected globally. The recent two decades have witnessed tremendous growth in Internet of things (IoT) applications.